fig. 6	fig. 7
fig.8	fig. 9

Figures 6 trough 9 show the information of growing areans of fusion to necrosis in the neoplastic population (Grade 2)

Hypothesized Mechanism

It is thought that the chromosomes, following the messages received as a result of the variations of potential in the cytopiasmic membrane, activate through electromechanical effects the emission of messages by the genes that regulate cell dynamics for normal cell functions or for the mitochondrjal activities for ATP production.
An electricai cjrcuit composed of a zener diode attached to the base of a bipoiar transistor is offered as a model for the operation of the mitochondrion. The zener diode represents the on/off puise operation of some cell functions, the combined circuit impedance represents the impedance of the giycoproteinic sensors present on the nuitochondrial membrane, and the transistor represents the ATP activation process. 

It is supposed that the excessive production of ATP is related to an alteration of the glycoproteinic sensors present on the mitochondrion membrane with consequent Iowering of the impedance that in turn does not discriminate between the signals in frequency and activates the production of ATP in an almost continual way. The cancer cell would therefore go into mitosis due to the excess of ATP. Static magnetic fieids and square wave pulsed electric fields are used to act on the mitochondrial membrane, increasing the impedance of the glycoproteinic sensors through the lengthening of the polyglycidic chain. A puised electromagnetic field in phase with the electrical signal is used to interfere with the communications between the genes and the protopiasmic giycoproteinic compiexes involved in the promotion of cell mitosis. 

It is thought that the impedance of the mitochondrial membrane to the messages coming from the genes increases with the electromagnetic treatment and with increases in the malignancy (the highest impedance for undifferentiated tumors). This is reiated to a greater aiteration of the sensors of the undifferentjated tumors and therefore to their greater predisposition to the bond with polyglycidic chains. The undifferentiated cancer cells, because of the high impedance induced on the mitochondrial membrane by the electromagnetic treatment, stop producing ATP and therefore enter into necrosis.
Following the treatment the differentiated cancer cells have an impedance which is still sensitive to some messages coming from the chromosomes promoting the normal production of ATP, so these cells change their state of mitosis; however, they continue to uve in a quiescent state (vegetative form of life). 

The normai cells are not infiuenced by the electromagnetic treatment as the impedance of their mitochondriai sensors is not altered; therefore, they are not modified and remain sensitive to messages that arrive from the chromosomes for the activation of the ATP synthesis.

ClinicaI Application
Studies recently carried out reinforce the hypothesis that different classes of proteins change in response to electrical field forces induced by oscillating electric and electromagnetic fields at predetermined frequencies and intensities, and suggest that there could be biological effects that might halt the mitosis of neoplastic cells. The use of a static magnetic field of 5 mT for 50 to 60 minutes has changed the lectinici bonds of specific sites on the membrane surface of erythrocites with a consequent alteration of the ATP content (104). T
he variation of the lectinici bonds is considered by the authors as an indicator in the changes of the glyco­proteinic complex.

Pulsed square wave magnetic fields with a frequency of 10 Hz and an intensity of 10 mT on animals in vivo modified some biochemical blood parameters and produced significant effects on the erythrocite count and the concentration of hemoglobin, calcium, and plasmatic proteins. The mechanisms of the observed effects are probably tied to the influence of the magnetic fields on the ionic permeability and capacitive reactance of the membrane due to changes in its lipid component, on the liquid crystalline structure, and on the enzymatic activity of the ionic pumps dependent on ATPasi (105).

Fields of 2 KV/m with frequencies from 1 KHz up to 1 MHz activate the Na+ and K+ pumps in the ATPasi in human erythrocites. The authors suggest that the interactions that permit the free energetic coupling between the hydroiysis of the ATP and the pumping of the ions is of the coulomb type. 

The results obtained indicate that only the ionic modes of transport necessary for the synthesis of the ATP for specific physioiogical conditions were influenced by the applied electrical field, and some types of reactions are not expilcable in chemical terms but only as related to electrogenic effects (106).
The use of puised square wave electric fieids with an amplitude of 1050 voIts, an impulse width of 100 microseconds, and a frequency of 1 Hz have strengthened the antineoplastic effect of the bleomicina in the growth of fibrosarcoma SA-i, malignant melanoma Bi6, and Ehriich ascitic tumors (EAT) (107, 108). Electromagnetic fields at a frequency of 7 MHz have been measured concomitant with cell mitosis in culture yeast cells (109). It is known that the ciclines (e.g., P16 and P2i) have an important role in the processes of mitosis on cancer cells (110) The ciclines use the terso P. of the ATP. 

Classically this second type of in­terpretation has produced fundamental clinical instruments, such as, for example the electrocardiogram, the electroencephalogram, and more recently the nuclear magnetic resonance (2, 31, 32). The interest in the study of the interactions between electromagnetic fields and living matter is placed, therefore, on three levels:
1. Prevention—the way electro­magnetic fields influence the development of illnesses (33 -47)
2. Diagnosis—the way endog­enous bio-electric signals and weak electrical and magnetic fields, associated with bio-moi­ecules correlate to the state of health (11, 48, 49, 50, 51)
3. Treatment—the way biological structures and functions can be modulated by means of electromagnetic fields (16, 17, 18, 19, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,74, 75)

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