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Il Cancro nasce in
sintesi, secondo la
Medicina naturale perche' organismo del
canceroso e'
intossicato,
infiammato,
immunodepresso, con
flora batterica alterata,
pH digestivo non regolare (e quindi mancante di
minerali e
vitamine), e parassitato da certi,
parassiti,
batteri e
funghi (candida) i quali producono tossine ed
ulteriori infiammazioni,
ma e' "gestito" dai
Conflitti Spirituali (consci ed inconsci) e
dall'intenso
stress - Esso e' quindi una malattia
MULTIFATTORIALE.
Quindi il medico, il terapeuta od il soggetto stesso
DEVE operare seguendo la stessa strada percorsa per l'ammalamento.
Cioe' deve lavorare per disintossicare il
malato + disinfiammare l'organismo ed i tessuti
interessati, ripristinare il pH digestivo,
eliminare quei parassiti, batteri e funghi che hanno
proliferato in modo abnorme, per mancanza di antagonisti
e rinforzare il sistema
immunitario SEMPRE compromesso in
TUTTI i malati, cancerosi compresi ed eliminare il
Conflitto spirituale e lo stress esistenti.
How A Benign Fungus Can Become Life-Threatening
Researchers at the Agency for Science, Technology and
Research’s Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology have
discovered new molecular mechanisms that provide a more
detailed understanding of how the normally benign Dr.
Jekyll-like fungus known as
Candida Albicans transforms into a serious and
often life-threatening Mr. Hyde-like form.
C. Albicans can cause serious and potentially
life-threatening infections in the mouth, blood and
other tissues of people who are undergoing cancer
chemotherapy or radiation treatments, or who have
developed AIDS or other diseases that damage the
immunity of the individual.
In two separate papers recently published in
Developmental Cell and the EMBO journal, the team of
scientists led by Wang Yue, principal investigator at
IMCB, have managed to reveal previously unknown
mechanisms which are responsible for causing the
infectious phase of C. Albicans.
The fungus starts its ‘attack’ on a patient by changing
its oval shape into a filamentous form, which has thin,
threadlike appendages emerging from the cell body.
Wang’s team, who has been studying C. Albicans for more
than seven years, was responsible for identifying the
master “controller” protein called Hgc1 in 2004.
This “controller” functions like a regulator and tells
the fungus when to start the transformation from the
harmless oval shape to the infectious filamentous form.
“One question remained, however - how does it activate
the cellular machineries that determine the fungal cell
shape?” said Wang.
Wang’s team found the answer to this question in two
proteins called Rga2 and Cdc11. They discovered that
they each function like a switch on two different
cellular machineries that normally determines cell shape.
“The master regulator Hgc1 acts like the ‘finger’ that
flips the switches to start the infection process,” said
Wang.
“Our findings have uncovered detailed molecular
mechanisms which define how these two proteins interact
with the master ‘controller’ to cause infections. This
has opened new opportunities for us to investigate
further into a new range of therapeutic targets for
fungal infections,” explained Wang.
In the same issue of Developmental Cell, the team’s work
was given an expert mention by a leading C. Albicans
researcher, Dr. Peter Sudbery, stating its importance in
bringing awareness of the cellular processes that is
necessary for C. Albicans to transform to its infectious
state.
In addition, the new knowledge of the detailed
interaction of these proteins with other cellular
machineries has also revealed critical information on
how cells in general determine their shape, a
fundamental question in biology as Rga2 and Cdc11 are
also found in nearly all eukaryotic organisms.
Largely due to the AIDS pandemic in the last 25 years,
the once nearly harmless and commensal fungus Candida
Albicans has become one of the most prevalent microbial
pathogens in AIDS patients, causing life-threatening
infections with high death rate, especially in infected
children.
References: XD Zheng, RTH Lee, YM Wang, QS Lin, and Y
Wang. Phosphorylation of Rga2, a Cdc42 GAP, by CDK/Hgc1
is crucial for Candida Albicans hyphal growth. The EMBO
Journal 26, 3760-3769 (2007).
I Sinha, YM Wang, R Philp, CR Li, WH Yap, and Y Wang
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Control Septin Phosphorylation
in Candida Albicans Hyphal Development. Developmental
Cell 13: 421-432 (2007).
Tratto da:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071004165553.htm
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
University of Genova
and National Institute for Cancer Research, Italy -
viscolic@unige.it
In a surveillance study of candidemia in cancer patients
that was conducted by the European Organization for
Research and Treatment of Cancer, 249 episodes were
noted;
Candida Albicans was isolated in 70% (63) of the 90
cases involving patients with solid tumors (tumor
patients) and in 36% (58) of the 159 involving those
with hematologic disease (hematology patients).
Neutropenia in tumor patients and acute leukemia and
antifungal prophylaxis in hematology patients were
significantly associated with non-Albicans candidemia in
a multivariate analysis.
Overall 30-day mortality was 39% (97 of 249). In a
univariate analysis, Candida glabrata was associated
with the highest mortality rate (odds ratio, 2.66). Two
multivariate analyses showed that mortality was
associated with older age and severity of the underlying
disease. Among hematology patients, additional factors
associated with mortality were allogeneic bone marrow
transplantation, septic shock, and lack of antifungal
prophylaxis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=99379706
Commento (NdR):
Finalmente si iniziano a ricercare le Vere conCause del
cancro; ma gli Oncologi ufficiali Allopati non hanno
ancora capito che i
funghi, come
certi altri
batteri
(Sarcina ventriculi) + le
intossicazioni
e le
infiammazioni, sono corresponsabili della nascita
del Tumore nei tessuti degli organi bersaglio del
Conflitto
Spirituale.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Lavori Pubblicati
(in inglese) sull’associazione
Candida/Tumore
Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 1999 May;32(5):344-8
Fungal
colonization and infection in children with acute leukemia and lymphoma
during induction therapy.
Gozdasoglu S, Ertem M, Buyukkececi Z, Yavuzdemir S, Bengisun S, Ozenci H,
Tacyildiz N, Unal E, Yavuz G, Deda G, Aysev DPediatric
Hematology-Oncology Research Center, Ankara University School of Medicine,
Dikimevi, Turkey. BACKGROUND: Fungal infection represents a
growing problem in children with hematologic malignancies. During
chemotherapy induced neutropenia, colonization with fungi is considered a
major risk factor for subsequent fungal infection. The rates and risk
factors for mycotic infections in pediatric oncology patients is
undetermined, particularly for centers in developing countries. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the rates and risk factors of fungal colonization
in children with acute leukemia and lymphoma at one of the major pediatric
hematology/oncology centers in Turkey.
PROCEDURE: Fifty-two consecutive children newly
diagnosed with acute leukemia and lymphoma during intensive remission
induction therapy were evaluated for the occurrence of fungal colonization
(defined as at least one positive surveillance culture) and infection.
RESULTS: Thirty-six of the 52 patients (69.2%) were colonized by Candida
Albicans which was the only fungus isolated from surveillance cultures.
There were three (5.8%) proven systemic fungal infections: two cases of
candidemia and one case of brain abscess with Aspergillus spp. isolated
from tissue. All patients with fungal colonization were receiving
prophylactic or curative antibiotics. No significant association was found
between type of disease and fungal colonization, but there was a
significant association with neutropenia.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there is a high rate of fungal
colonization in children receiving remission induction therapy for acute
leukemia and lymphoma. Limiting the use of antibiotics and instituting
antifungal chemoprophylaxis may decrease the rate, while the early
initiation of empiric antifungal therapy in patients with fever and
suspected mycotic colonization may increase survival in these patients.
Carcinogenesis, Vol 13, 783-786, Copyright © 1992 by Oxford University
Press (PRIVATE ARTICLES)
Candida Albicans as a promoter of oral mucosal neoplasia
JF O'Grady and PC Reade,
Section of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, School of Dental Science,
University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
A model of oral mucosal carcinogenesis using the water-soluble carcinogen
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was combined with a model of oral mucosal
candidosis to examine the ability of Candida Albicans to promote the
development of neoplasia in suitably initiated epithelium. Sprague-Dawley
rats were initiated by the application of 4NQO to their palatal and tongue
mucosa 3 times weekly for 4 weeks. The animals then received either
application of a phorbol ester to act as a promoter, induction of
experimental oral mucosal infection with C. Albicans, or no further
procedures. Animals were killed at 34 or 52 weeks and the tongues and
palates sectioned for light-microscopic examination. Control groups with
no treatment, mucosal infection only, phorbol ester application only, 4NQO
with the tetracycline or vehicle application only were also used.
The development of carcinoma in the experimental groups was similar to
that in the positive control groups, indicating that the particular strain
of Candida used had a similar ability to promote neoplastic changes as the
known promoter phorbol-12,13- didecanoate and caused neoplastic changes to
occur by week 34 with no additional lesions occurring by week 52. This
indicated that the speculation that strains of C. Albicans may participate
in causing neoplastic transformation in humans was well founded.
Copyright © 1992 by Oxford University Press.
Indian J Gastroenterol 1989 Jul;8(3):171-2
Association of Candida with carcinoma of esophagus.
Bhatia V, Kochhar R, Talwar P, Gupta NM, Mehta SK
Twenty-five patients with carcinoma of the esophagus (group I) and 25
patients suffering from non-ulcer dyspepsia with normal endoscopy (group
II) were studied to know the incidence of isolation of Candida from their
esophagus. Endoscopic brushings were taken from the esophagus in both
groups and studied by smear examination and culture. Fungal organisms
could be detected in 75% of cases of group I and 32% of cases of group II
by culture techniques, and 45.8% and 12% respectively by smear examination.
The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) for both
the techniques. Candida Albicans was the commonest species isolated. No
correlation was found between Candida agglutination titres and density of
Candida growth on culture. We conclude that an association exists between
carcinoma esophagus and the occurrence of Candida in the esophagus.
Comments:
Comment in: Indian J Gastroenterol 1989 Oct;8(4):308-9
PMID: 2663710, UI: 89307411
J Med Vet Mycol 1989;27(5):277-94
Does Candida have a role in oral epithelial neoplasia?
Field EA, Field JK, Martin MV
Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, University of Liverpool, U.K.
Candida species are responsible for a wide variety of superficial
infections of man [59] and the pathogenic role of these yeasts in many
conditions has now been defined. There is, however, a great deal of
controversy concerning the role of Candida species in the development of
epithelial neoplasia.
Vaginal and cutaneous candidosis are relatively common but there is little
firm clinical or epidemiological evidence to link them to cervical
neoplasia or skin carcinoma [59]. The converse is true however for oral
candidosis where chronic Candida infection and neoplasia have been
strongly linked. The aim of this review is to explore and evaluate the
experimental and epidemiological evidence supporting an association
between Candida species and oral neoplasia.
Publication Types: Review, tutorial PMID: 2689621, UI: 90095753
Chung Hua Chung Liu Tsa Chih 1986 Jan;8(1):42-4
[Morphology of fungi in the slides prepared from esophageal balloons].
[Article in Chinese] Liu SF
1,762 cases were selected at random from 17,000 persons screened by
esophageal balloon in 4 communes of Linxian County. The morphologic
appearance of fungi was studied in 4 slides of each case selected.
According to the shape of clumps formed by fungi and bacteria in the
slides, morphologic 4 types were seen: cotton-like, camel hair-like,
hair-like and tree-branch-like. In the preliminary microscopic analysis,
the following species of fungi were noted: Candida, Leptothrix,
Actinomyces, Alternaria, Fusarium and Penicillium.
Some of the fungi in the slides may have been taken from the oral or
pharyngeal cavity, which may be due to, at least in part, the poor oral
hygiene in the population examined. A positive association was shown
between the quantity of fungi in the slides and the esophageal epithelial
dysplasia and carcinoma, but its biological significance should be studied
further.
PMID: 3732022, UI: 86273952
Med Pediatr Oncol 1979;6(1):15-22
Fungal peritonitis and malignancy: report of two patients and review of
the literature.
Kopelson G, Silva-Hutner M, Brown J
Two patients developed isolated Candida Albicans peritonitis in
association with intraabdominal malignancy. Although additional factors
predisposing to the development of fungal peritonitis were present, we
postulate that tumor-related local factors permitted fungi to cross the
gut wall and to enter the peritoneum, where the host immune status
determined whether the infection spread. These two cases are the sixth and
seventh reported cancer patients who developed fungal peritonitis, but the
first two who had the fungal infection localized to the peritoneum; and
this is the first report known to us specifically associating
intraabdominal malignancy and fungal peritonitis. Patients who develop
fungal peritonitis may have a primary or metastatic intraabdominal
malignancy, and fungi should be considered as a cause of peritonitis in
cancer patients.
Publication Types: Review PMID: 375052, UI: 79178083
Clin Infect Dis 1999 May;28(5):1071-9
Candidemia in cancer patients: a prospective, multicenter surveillance
study by the Invasive Fungal Infection Group (IFIG) of the European
Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.
Viscoli C, Girmenia C, Marinus A, Collette L, Martino P, Vandercam B,
Doyen C, Lebeau B, Spence D, Krcmery V, De Pauw B,
Meunier F
University of Genova and National Institute for Cancer Research, Italy.
viscolic@unige.it
[Medline record in process]
In a surveillance study of candidemia in cancer patients that was
conducted by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of
Cancer, 249 episodes were noted; Candida Albicans was isolated in 70% (63)
of the 90 cases involving patients with solid tumors (tumor patients) and
in 36% (58) of the 159 involving those with hematologic disease (hematology
patients). Neutropenia in tumor patients and acute leukemia and antifungal
prophylaxis in hematology patients were significantly associated with
non-Albicans candidemia in a multivariate analysis. Overall 30-day
mortality was 39% (97 of 249). In a univariate analysis, Candida glabrata
was associated with the highest mortality rate (odds ratio, 2.66). Two
multivariate analyses showed that mortality was associated with older age
and severity of the underlying disease. Among hematology patients,
additional factors associated with mortality were allogeneic bone marrow
transplantation, septic shock, and lack of antifungal prophylaxis.
PMID: 10452637, UI: 99379706
J Clin Microbiol 1988
Mar;26(3):429-32
Risk factors for candidemia in cancer patients: a case-control
study.
Karabinis A, Hill C, Leclercq B, Tancrede C, Baume D, Andremont A
Service de Microbiologie Medicale, Institut Gustave-Roussy,
Villejuif, France.
Risk factors for candidemia were analyzed in a case-control study
of 30 cancer patients with candidemia and 58 controls. In a univariate analysis, previous
surgery, neutropenia, central catheterization, chemotherapy, specific antibiotic
treatments, and peripheral cultures positive for Candida spp. were associated with a
significantly increased risk of candidemia. In a multivariate logistic model, the
significant risk factors for candidemia were positive peripheral cultures for Candida spp.
(P = 0.02), central catheterization (P = 0.03), and neutropenia (P = 0.05). These results
should help to identify cancer patients with a high risk of candidemia, who should be
given early systemic antifungal therapy.
PMID: 3356785,
UI: 88187069
Am J Med Sci 1993
Oct;306(4):225-32
Fungemia in patients with leukemia.
Martino P, Girmenia C, Micozzi A, Raccah R, Gentile G, Venditti M,
Mandelli F
Department of Human Biopathology in Hematology, University La
Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
A nine-year retrospective study on fungemia in patients with
leukemia was conducted. A total of 79 episodes of fungemia in 77 patients with leukemia
were documented. Candida parapsilosis fungemia was associated more frequently with the
presence of a central venous line and to the use of parenteral nutrition than the other
fungal species (p = 0.00026 and p = 0.01, respectively). The same fungus was isolated from
both blood and surveillance cultures in 95% of Candida Albicans and in 89% of Candida
tropicalis fungemia (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). The neutropenia and fungus
colonization that resulted was associated significantly with the presence of invasive
disease (p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0028, respectively).
Conversely, central venous catheterization and parenteral nutrition
appeared to be associated with episodes without deep tissue invasion (p = 0.000037 and p =
0.001, respectively). Invasive mycosis due to the fungus isolated from blood was
documented in 51 patients with a mortality rate of 69%, whereas in 20 patients without
invasive mycosis, mortality rate was 21% (p = 0.000059).
In patients with fungemia, related or unrelated to the presence of
a central venous catheter, mortality was 24% and 64%, respectively (p = 0.00042).
Mortality was highest with C. tropicalis (p = 0.0017) and lowest with C. parapsilosis (p =
0.057). Severe neutropenia (polymorphonuclears < 100/mmc) appeared associated with a
higher mortality rate (p = 0.012), whereas the recovery of neutropenia was related
adversely to a fatal outcome (p < 0.01). With antifungal therapy, there was no
statistically significant difference whether antifungal therapy was given or not.
PMID: 8213890,
UI: 94027136
Support Care Cancer 1993
Sep;1(5):240-4
Diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients.
Martino P, Girmenia C
Department of Human Biopathology, University La Sapienza, Rome,
Italy.
Fungal infections continue to cause major complications in cancer
patients. With the increasing use of aggressive chemotherapy causing prolonged
granulocytopenia, and the progress made in the prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial
infections, the risk of invasive mycoses has increased, particularly in patients with
hematological malignancies. The prognosis of these infections is poor unless they are
diagnosed and treated promptly. Early diagnosis, particularly in neutropenic cancer
patients, is often difficult and antifungal therapy is frequently unsuccessful because it
is not instituted until the infection is in an advanced, fatal phase. In order to reduce
the mortality associated with invasive fungal infections, antifungal therapy, usually
amphotericin B, has been empirically carried out in neutropenic patients with fever
unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. However, the absence of a marker of
the fungal infection, the frequent occurrence in these patients of non-infective fever,
which does not require any antimicrobial therapy, and the possible toxicity of
amphotericin B represent the major limits of empiric antifungal therapy. In view of the
above, the study of improved and less toxic antifungal agents, and the evaluation of new
clinical and laboratory methods for an early diagnosis, have been the major goals in
research on the opportunistic invasive fungal infections in the last years.
Publication
Types:Review, tutorial PMID: 8156233, UI: 94207611
Eur J Clin Microbiol
Infect Dis 1995 Sep;14(9):768-74
An autopsy study of systemic fungal infections in patients with
hematologic malignancies.
Jandrlic M, Kalenic S, Labar B, Nemet D, Jakic-Razumovic J, Mrsic
M, Plecko V, Bogdanic V
Department of Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital, Croatia.
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of fungal
infections detected on autopsy in a group of 40 patients with hematologic malignancies
treated with intensive chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation, and to evaluate the
risk factors for fungal infections. A control group included 38 patients with
nonhematologic diseases and without granulocytopenia but with at least one of the known
risk factors for fungal infections. Standard histopathological and microbiological methods
were used. A higher incidence of invasive fungal infections was found in patients with
hematologic malignancies as compared to the control group (p < 0.01).
The predominant causes of fungal infections were Candida
Albicans and Aspergillus spp. The incidence of fungal infections caused by Aspergillus was
higher (p < 0.05) in patients with hematologic malignancies than in the control group.
The independent risk factors for fungal infections were fungal colonization, number of
antibiotics and duration of antibiotic therapy, duration of fever and skin
rash.
A higher proportion of fungal infections was diagnosed on autopsy
than during the patients' life (p < 0.01).
PMID: 8536724,
UI: 96120944
Hematol Oncol 1986
Apr-Jun;4(2):129-34
Diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections in patients with
hematologic malignancies.
Radaelli F, Cortelezzi A, Zocchi L, Castagnone D, Baldini L,
Colombi M, Mozzana R
A diagnosis of deep-seated mycosis was made in 54 patients with
hematologic malignancies, severe neutropenia and fever, based on a set of clinical and
laboratory criteria. Standardized antifungal treatment was started in 31 patients who
seven days after onset of fever had not responded to antibiotics; the fungal infection was
cured in 13, all of whom had a simultaneous remission of neutropenia, whereas the other 18
who did not respond to antifungal treatment, all had a falling or static neutrophil count.
None of the 23 patients who were given no or inadequate antifungal treatment survived
regardless of the neutrophil count and/or phase of the hematologic disease. We discuss the
suitability of utilizing empirical criteria for a diagnosis of disseminated fungal
infection as a basis for starting antifungal therapy in this type of patient.
PMID: 3744304,
UI: 86302397
S Afr J Surg 1990 Mar;28(1):26-7
Pancreatic candidiasis. A case report.
Mannell A, Obers V
Department of
Surgery, School of Pathology, South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg.
A rare case of pancreatic candidiasis is described. The patient presented with weight
loss, obstructive jaundice and a mass in the head of the pancreas. Intra-operative
fine-needle aspiration cytology was consistent with a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma
of the pancreas and a radical pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. However, histological
examination of the resected specimen revealed acute-on-chronic pancreatitis complicated by
candidiasis with no evidence of malignant disease. The association between this variety of
pancreatic candidiasis and pancreatic abscesses due to Candida Albicans in acute
pancreatitis is
discussed.
Tratto dai lavori di:
Dott. Tullio Simoncini -
Medico Oncologo e Specialista in Diabete e Malattie del Ricambio
vedi anche
Cancro e Medicina Naturale
IMPORTANTE:
Come Portale segnaliamo vari personaggi che hanno avuto
contrasti con le
autorita' mediche,
e
per essere precisi, affermiamo che
NON condividiamo in toto le loro terapie,
in quanto per noi seguaci della
Medicina Naturale
la malattia
(cancro
compreso)
e' MULTIFATTORIALE, quindi
NESSUN prodotto puo', da
solo, guarire dalla malattia della quale si e' malati !
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